Revision Spine & Spine Deformity : In most cases Revision Surgery is not due to an error or mistake of a previous operation. Spinal surgery is a complex field and even the very best and most experienced surgeons do not always get excellent results. Common reasons for revision surgery include such problems as pseudarthrosis (failure to achieve solid fusion) which may be due to poor tissue healing and patient related factors. Another element to consider is that the spine is a living and dynamic structure. Even after apparent successful surgery the function and shape of the spine can deteriorate requiring further surgery to remedy a problem. Revision surgery is a complex field and each patient must be evaluated and treated in a very individual manner to understand what is causing the problem and how best to address it. The goal of spine surgery is to relieve the patient of pain so that he may resume a normal life. Overall, in the right hands, spine surgery is highly successful and excellent outcomes are achieved. Occasionally a patient will require additional surgery. The reasons for revision surgery may include: re-herniation of a disc, infection, pseudoarthorsis, hardware failure, non-surgery related spine degeneration, Flatback Syndrome, instability, or adjacent segment degeneration. Revision surgery is more complex and should be performed by a spine surgeon experienced in handling scar tissue, performing osteotomies to “loosen” the spine and inducing sagittal and coronal balance. The risks of revision surgery are higher than the patient’s first surgery. There is the chance of residual pain and it is more difficult to restore nerve function.